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Health Care and Social Aspects of Dementia Patient

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1. Explaining the influence of major legislations that relate to the fulfilment of rights and choices and, therefore, lessening the risk of a dementia patient

A number of laws were enacted to minimise the risk of harm for any person who has dementia. Major laws include the following-

  • The human rights act 1998: this act preserves the rights of all health and social care individuals, including people who have dementia. But this act can be overruled because the person is unable to take his or her own decision. Nevertheless, the person must be aware of his rights before any decision-making (Booer, 2006).
  • The mental capacity act 2005: there are 5 principles of this act. All care workers must be aware of these 5 principles. The principles are as follow-
  • A presumption of the capacity: there should be an estimation of the capacity of the patient and the carer.  
  • The right to support decision making: it is deemed that people affected by dementia need to be mentally supported while making decisions. But at the same time, these people do not lose the grip of making their own decisions. It is just that that person will make the ultimate decision, but others will just help or advise them in particular situations. 
  • The most desired interest
  • The mental health act 2007: this act is highly concerned with the negative circumstances that might appear due to dementia. The act safeguards the rights of dementia-affected patients. It also ensures the utmost protection from deception and fraud (Folland, 2007). 

 

2. Explaining the way personal information can be exchanged with carer workers and other people

Since dementia is a serious issue, consent should be taken from the patient in advance in emergency incidents. If the person is incapable of taking any decision, the care worker must inform his relatives or next of kin. In such situations, personal information should be shared with the care worker in advance. For example, if the person with dementia has the problem of losing memory, she should keep his/her address in written format and always carry it. It is wise to share information through an advocate who can help deal with this type of situation. A healthy professional must be careful while sharing or passing information to another person and controlling the flow of information to ensure privacy and security. Considering the legislation, rules, and regulations related to dementia information sharing must be deliberate and controlled. Care workers should be careful of passing information among other stakeholder groups. But in some cases, sharing of information might be made easier. Such cases include-

Emergencies: incidents in which not sharing information might cause harm to the affected person, such as a fear attack, hypochondria, Alzheimer’s disease, etc.

 

3. Explaining the reason for which it is essential not to imagine that a person with dementia cannot decide by themselves

Every person in the world is different from the other. They have their ways of thinking. Everyone wants to express themselves, show the world what they are, and exhibit their thoughts and the like. That is what made them unique and stand out (Gronden, 2011). Everyone wants to make their own decision. If this process is interrupted, they get disappointed. Therefore, we should assist others in making their own decisions. Individual’s privacy should be protected, and dignity should be maintained. It is important to safeguard an individual’s dignity and protect them from breach of privacy. Dementia does not necessarily mean that an individual is not capable of making his or her own decision. There are many stages and forms of dementia. Vascular dementia means short-term loss of memory. In such instances, individuals forget something but later retrieve it. Therefore, in the end, they can make decisions by themselves. 

 

4. Describing by which way the capability of decision making of a person with dementia fluctuate

Many reasons may cause dementia trouble while making decisions (Ensor, 2000). The main reason is that an individual’s capacity to understand a situation deteriorates over time. In many situations, the person faces difficulties in understanding the difference between day and night. It leads to sleep deprivation at night, and the person feels fatigued during day time. Such fatigue may affect their cognitive and problem-solving ability and skill significantly. Eventually, the person faces a lack of coordination while accomplishing tasks. Again, when this condition gets better, their normal decision-making ability comes back. This makes a wide disparity between the decisions that are made in two different states.

 

5. Describing how a possible conflict of interest may be tracked between the care worker and dementia-affected person while balancing rights, choices, and risk.

While dealing with such situations, a right and proper balance between the interests of the associated two groups is extremely needed. This balance depends largely on the situation. From the carer’s point of view, the rights, choices, and risks are quite selective. On the other hand, from the patient’s perspective, those are open as s/he does not remember them. In order to address possible conflict of interest, the following rules and regulations can be adopted-

  • Taking the reference and support of legislations related to dementia: the most effective method of addressing and solving the conflict can be taking the help of laws and legislations related to dementia. Laws have protected and reserved rights for both parties. So, pertinent laws or acts can come into force when needed. 
  • Analysing the personality trait of the carer and the patient: yet another way of addressing the conflict of interest can be a proper analysis of both the carer and the patient (Carr, 2012). Personality analysis reveals important characteristics of individuals. Such characteristics are largely associated with the interests held by them. 

 

6. Describing how one can ensure dementia affected person, care workers, and other people become able to criticise without any fear

Since dementia is largely a problem related to forgetfulness, it sometimes can result in unwanted situations. The patient does not remember a certain thing, and whenever he or she is reminded of it, s/he cannot recall it and hence get angry. On the other hand, the carer or any other associated person who faces such behaviour from a dementia affected person also gets vexed or annoyed. Each and everyone thinks from the ground of himself/herself. Therefore, extreme circumstances are created. In such a situation, all the parties need to calm down and think rationally. They should think from the perspective of the other party rather than themselves. Sometimes the patient, carer, or any other people get anxious about complaining or letting the other party know about what they think (Fisher, 2005). It can eventually lead to even bigger problems. Hence, a proper and effective solution must be sought. In order to make sure all of them can complain without fear or anxiety of possible conflict, it is necessary to follow some guidelines. 

From the carer’s perspective: to make sure that the carer feels able to complain to the patient without fear, it is suggested to follow the below-mentioned guideline.

  • Sitting with the patient in private and discuss explicitly the matter
  • Explaining the nature of the disease adequately to the patient and maintain a written record of it

From the perspective of the patient: the situation is different from the viewpoint of the patient. The reason is that s/he thinks that s/he is completely fine. But when they forget something and later find that others are telling about it, they get annoyed and sometimes even do not believe what those people tell them. In these circumstances, the following guideline is suggested-

  • Realise the situation of illness and admit it
  • Not getting disappointed when facing the problem of memory loss
  • Explaining to the carer adequately about how and what they feel
  • Taking the advice of experts

 

7. Describing how privacy and dignity can be maintained while giving personal support for intimate care to dementia affected person

Although it is often difficult to maintain utmost privacy while giving aid to an individual affected by dementia, the optimum level of privacy and dignity must be maintained as a care provider. Since the patient forgets many things and the carer has to inform his or her close relatives about many personal aspects, privacy is often breached to a great extent. Still maintaining privacy up to a certain level is also necessary. And it can be ensured in the following way-

  • Informing about personal issues only to the closest and the most trustworthy persons of the patient.
  • Sharing information only is deemed mandatory to be shared. Otherwise, keeping information private.
  • Seeking permission before sharing any information about the patient. However, it is not always possible to maintain that. Whenever the patient is in a normal condition, such permission can be obtained. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References
  • Bramley-Harker, E. and Booer, T. (2006). Mind the gap. London: BUPA.
  • Folland, S., Goodman, A. and Stano, M. (2007). The economics of health and health care. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Gronden, J. (2011). Health care and EU law. The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press.
  • Witter, S., Ensor, T., Jowett, M. and Thompson, R. (2000). Health economics for developing countries. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
  • Global health: Nutrition and poverty. (2012). Nutrition and Health, 21(2), pp.93-96.
  • Fisher, A. (2005). Health & social care. Oxford: Heinemann.
  • Stavans, I. (2010). Health care. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood.
  • Witter, S., Ensor, T., Jowett, M. and Thompson, R. (2000). Health economics for developing countries. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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